International Trade Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Universal Trade - Research Paper Example To appropriately extend the criticalness of global exchange, this exposition hence has three objectives: 1) to look at the points and basis of universal exchange through the instances of China and India, and in conclusion, 2) to think about the impacts of worldwide exchange on created and creating nations. Created and creating nations, notwithstanding, have various objectives for taking part in global exchange. The previous, in the negative sense, plans to encourage their own bit of leeway or, decidedly, to help the monetary battles of the last mentioned. As far as it matters for them, creating nations plan to accomplish a similar degree of advancement and thriving as the created ones. A change from statusâ€developing to recently developedâ€may likewise change such exchange objectives. For the most part however, exchanging is for endurance or for the support of countries’ economies. Nations trade products dependent on assets that are plenteous in one and assets that are scant in the other. This has additionally been called by David Ricardo as â€Å"comparative advantage† and is one of the justifications for the presence of exchange. Country states trade products that are delivered in enormous amounts inside the national economy, while they import merchandise that ar e either scant or created in little amounts in household markets (Husted and Melvin, 2000, pp.60-61). Despite the nation’s limit, â€Å"profitability of production† is as yet feasible insofar as there is a near favorable position. Although supreme preferences in the merchandise they produce might be missing, all economies that are worked by serious markets have relative points of interest. Ricardo further recommends that â€Å"no nation can long import, except if it additionally sends out, or can long fare except if it likewise imports (as refered to in Blatt, 2004). He affirms that there are advantages to be had in the import-fare of merchandise between and among exchanging countries. Henceforth, captivating in both is â€Å"equally essential† in order to

Labor Relation Management

Work Relation Management Haggling Laws Covering Public Employees The order of rules allowing open part shared exchange in the U.S states needs consistency because of the inconsistencies in wants and political objectives of the different states. This implies in states where laborers can appreciate aggregate understandings, they despite everything use governmental issues and blended types of ongoing representation.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Labor Relation Management explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, a few states set extreme guidelines against the associations and doesn't remember them officially. What's more, different states additionally boycott dealings, strikes, and any type of assertions prompting restricting settlements with representatives (Slater, 2004) Impasse Resolution Procedures Regularly organization the executives and association pioneers may neglect to agree on contract conditions coming about into an impasse. This advancement requires outs ider inclusion to encourage goals of the two party’s absence of agreement. Intercession is a technique of settling these divergences where the outsider will in general accomplish purposeful agreement among associations and businesses (Riccucci, 2006). Discretion turns into the last advance in settling columns involving accommodation to an outsider any disrupted questions for extreme goals. The methodology consistently discovers application in modern settings. Managers additionally use association shops strategy to deal with stalemates (Riccucci, 2006). This involves managers tolerating to keep up association workforce just on its finance and may enroll non-association staff given that they consent to join the laborers association inside a particular period. There is assuagement strategy where an outsider behaviors question goals through casual intends to attempt to address the issues. Open Employees Right to Strike Public employee’s option to strike does is pointless s ince the open common help framework exists to address their complaints. The laborers opportunity to strike ought to be prohibited or compelled. This is on the grounds that open representatives benefit administrations, which are integral to the prosperity of the network. Formally dressed representatives are not permitted at all to picket.Advertising Looking for paper on business financial aspects? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, a few workers get the opportunity to hit yet with a guarantee that the outcomes of their activity won't result into issues influencing the open prosperity. The administration profits different methods for settling questions including assertion (Holley, Kenneth Roger, 2008). Open Employees Right to Interest Submission for Dispute Resolution Public workers ought to submit consideration contest to extreme and required interventions as opposed to holding a lawfully gained strike request. The signif icance of this is the workers can have a chance to attempt settlement. Legitimate strike may prompt more issues and loss of time and benefits for the organization. Also, lawful strikes may prompt exploitation of different workers who might be released. Discretion may give upgraded results since much after strikes association should haggle with the businesses for better arrangements. A chance to accomplish a similar end coming corresponding with striking, the laborers need to picked assertion. Purposes behind Slow Development of Labor Unions in Latin American Countries The worker's guilds in Latin America clearly grows gradually than in the U.S. explanations behind this situation may incorporate the pace of business, which decreases in numerous segments. This outcomes to organizations releasing laborers or neglecting to employ individuals. The low number of workforce has affected unionization level in the Latin America (Inter-American Development Bank, 2003). Also, most adolescents o n work in the nations with little instruction have a negative mindfulness on the significance of associations. The adolescents in this way neglect to join the associations along these lines causing the moderate improvement of the associations because of low enrollment. The pay profited to laborers in the Latin America is additionally clearly low, making most specialists to incline toward fulfilling their necessities than giving to the unions.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Labor Relation Management explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Actually, this has exacerbated the issues of association improvement, which requires enormous accounts to run solid association activities (Inter-American Development Bank, 2003). Moreover, most nations in Latin America with practically equivalent economy have differing unionization rates and administrative measures. At last, political perspectives including restraint and crash likewise have critical effect on the s peed of unionization in Latin America. Laborer Participation in Western Europe Worker support is a type of laborers portrayal in the organizations, which happen when representatives partake straightforwardly or by implication in dynamic in their work environments. The ascent of laborers cooperation in Western Europe came about because of issues including reaction to strikes (Holley, Kenneth Roger, 2008). The laborers intrigue deception during aggregate haggling by association pioneers came about into certain workers partaking in strikes evidently, as dealings never qualified into tending to interests. The laborers fought over poor business conditions, methodological modifications, and soundness in compensation. The laborers were assuming liability in directing occupation settings and dismissing employer’s request to oversee work puts after strikes (Holley, Kenneth Roger, 2008). This kept on guaranteeing that representatives oversaw settling on choices at work puts through por trayals. The reaction of the businesses after strikes and representatives assuming liability involved better arrangements and consenting to laborers requests of organization portrayals and work chambers. To support the cultural request, orders came up growing the specialists of associations contrasted with those of bosses and making stable indispensable aggregate haggling (Holley, Kenneth Roger, 2008). Highlights of Japanese Labor Relation Systems Japanese work organization relations go through opposite framework where the enterprise turns into a paternal unit and care for its steadfast representatives. This framework is known as big business associations. The nearby working affinity between the workforce and enterprise reinforces the structures for specialist interest and conciliation.Advertising Searching for paper on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Endeavor associations need authority in this manner aggregate bartering occurs in the wide organization through all around orchestrated methodology (Holley, Kenneth Roger, 2008). Laborers complaints are unraveled when company make huge continues showing a decentralized bartering advance. The Japanese framework additionally observes the haggling settlements achieved in the mother ventures. Compensation holes are commonplace among chiefs and untalented staff. The model of rank gets huge and promises always work and when business fizzles, workforce are moved other line organizations. The business utilizes methodologies to avoid releasing workforce. At last, settling debates happen through the procedure of shop levels (Holley, Kenneth Roger, 2008). The Japanese structures are not transferable to the U.S frameworks since they need working environment equity. The undertaking associations controlled by organization the board deny the associations autonomy. The strategy for compromise of deb ates through shop levels isn't pertinent in the U.S. moreover, the position approach might be heartbreaking to the U.S work relations since it is ridiculous to keep workforce in any event, during downturns (Holley, Kenneth Roger, 2008). Transnational Collective Bargaining The headway of aggregate bartering power in new business markets requires a couple of variables to be satisfied (Holley, Kenneth Roger, 2008). The transnational firm should join the new markets work associations as a first essential for aggregate haggling. This empowers the organizations to deal with the unification securing laborers in those business sectors. The work force enlisted into the enterprise additionally need to frame an association to use in aggregate dealing. The organization should likewise submit to the national work relations guidelines in the new markets before bartering can happen viably. Organizations likewise need to introduce its proposition on how it means to secure laborers (Holley, Kenneth Roger, 2008). This empowers the bargainers to have a diagram of the company’s method of workers’ treatment. The company’s activities must agree to work guideline rehearses in the new market including enlistment of laborers, structuring of installment for work, and laborers premium securities. Canada Labor Relation System The Canadian work rules have comparative parts as the U.S. after Canada embraced all the work relations proclamations from the Wagner Act. Be that as it may, Canada has created work institution with two remarkable highlights. The highlights transferable to the U.S work laws remember detachment of expert for the constitution among bureaucratic and the territorial governments (Estreicher, 2011). This benefits total order over the business relationship to the districts. What's more, government law likewise maintains a strategic distance from expectation of provincial guidelines. Government organization has full power contained in the constitution t o follow up on work debate worries more than not many specialists in ventures inside its purview (Estreicher, 2011). Furthermore, Canada’s lawmaking body structure of organization is additionally transferable. This is the place a head administrator under the government organization and territorial chief keen on modifying makes certain of accomplishing famous mass for passing bills. This guarantees conceivable establishment of questionable orders required

Multitasking and Productivity Tips

Multitasking and Productivity Tips Multitasking and productivity tips Multitasking and productivity tips Multitasking and productivity go hand in hand. While that is not to say that the more tasks you are trying to complete at the same time, the more productive you are, people who are able to focus (really focus) on multiple tasks at the same time tend to perform better in life. University is a place where these abilities are both put to the test, and often improved upon. Luckily for those of us who are not endowed with natural multitasking capabilities, there are things we can do every day that help us improve our ability to do a number of different things at once. If you are serious about being successful at school (and really at anything), below are some multitasking and productivity tips to help improve your productivity, and your life. Keep a task calendar No matter how skilled you think you are at doing multiple things at the same time, every person can make their life easier and more manageable by adding some organizational tools to it. A task calendar is an important thing to have, regardless of how many things you are trying to multitask at the same time. In the digital era, most people have completely abandoned paper for things they can store on their phones or computers. This is a link to a list of some of the best Android and iOS apps out there for helping you keep track of all of the different things you need to do every day. Even if you consider yourself to have a memory like a steel trap, from which nothing escapes and everything is always right there waiting for recall, a calendar, or calendar/day timer app can make your life so much easier, and increase your productivity exponentially. Focus on the task at hand Even if you are trying to accomplish multiple things at the same time, or juggling multiple responsibilities at the same time, the best way to ensure all of them get done to the best of your abilities is to compartmentalize them and focus on them one at a time. When we say “multitasking” what we mean is accomplishing multiple things that share deadlines at the same time. Trying to do multiple things at the same time (as in simultaneously) is actually bad for productivity. In order to really maximize your productivity, you are going to need to be able to focus intensely on what you are doing and then switch your brain to the next task. For instance, we can use the analogy of making a cake. Making a cake is the macro task, but there are dozens of smaller, subordinate microtasks associated with it. You have to walk to the cupboard, you have to take out the siv, you have to beat the eggs, you have to grease the pan, you have to preheat the oven. The best way to approach this macro task is to dedicate yourself fully to each microtask as it is needed. The cake analogy is how you should go about structuring your days at university. While keeping time constraints in mind, focus all of your attention on each microtask and, when it’s done, immediately move onto the next one. Starting one process here, and then switching to another before the first one is done is a recipe for lost productivity. When there are too many tasks to handle At some point during your university career you are going to come up against your multitasking and productivity limitations. In a sense, your university experience deliberately imposes this on you. Part of learning about the world and learning about your place in it, is understanding what you can expect from yourself. While you should always be striving for more and challenging yourself, you will avoid a lot of pain and suffering throughout your life if you come to grips with what you can realistically accomplish. Modern university is, in a sense, designed to see just how many different competing obligations you can handle in your life. Multiple final exams on the same day require you to make difficult decisions about what and how to study; parties and interpersonal relationships present temptation when you really should be finishing your weekly article review, testing your ability to sacrifice and postpone. Sometimes, however, the impossible is asked of you. Sometimes there is just not enough time to do all of the things you need to do. When that is the case (and it likely will be numerous times throughout your university career), there are essay writing services to help lighten the load. You need to sleep Productivity comes down to drive and work ethic, but it also has a lot to do with how well you treat your body. A lot of the time, university life is not exactly conducive to healthy living. Being pressed for time means we don’t eat healthy enough. It means we don’t make time for hitting the gym every day, or even every other day. It means going to bed late, and waking up early. We put our bodies through a lot during our university years, and some of it comes down to necessary sacrifice, but a lot of it is poor choices. You need proper rest to allow your brain to complete its proper daily functioning. Your central nervous system allows the rest of your body to function as it should, including uncluttering your short term memory, and making room for new information. If you don’t sleep enough, you end up not being able to remember what it is you are, or were supposed to be doing the following day, which can have a massive impact on how productive you are. You don’t have to be doing a million things at once to be productive. As long as you are completing each task at hand as it comes along, and dedicating yourself fully to each one, big or small, you will find that you accomplish more during the day then you ever thought possible. It requires some discipline and, over time, your focus really does improve, as does your self-control. Keep the above multitasking and productivity tips in mind to increase how much you get done during the day, as well as how well you do it, and reach out to Homework Help Global when there just doesn’t seem to be enough time to spare. References: Jansen, M. (2019). “The best calendar apps for Android and iOS.” Digital Trends. Retrieved from: Johansson, A. (2017). “Adequate sleep is essential for productivity.” Home Business. Retrieved from: Multitasking and Productivity Tips Multitasking and productivity tips Multitasking and productivity tips Multitasking and productivity go hand in hand. While that is not to say that the more tasks you are trying to complete at the same time, the more productive you are, people who are able to focus (really focus) on multiple tasks at the same time tend to perform better in life. University is a place where these abilities are both put to the test, and often improved upon. Luckily for those of us who are not endowed with natural multitasking capabilities, there are things we can do every day that help us improve our ability to do a number of different things at once. If you are serious about being successful at school (and really at anything), below are some multitasking and productivity tips to help improve your productivity, and your life. Keep a task calendar No matter how skilled you think you are at doing multiple things at the same time, every person can make their life easier and more manageable by adding some organizational tools to it. A task calendar is an important thing to have, regardless of how many things you are trying to multitask at the same time. In the digital era, most people have completely abandoned paper for things they can store on their phones or computers. This is a link to a list of some of the best Android and iOS apps out there for helping you keep track of all of the different things you need to do every day. Even if you consider yourself to have a memory like a steel trap, from which nothing escapes and everything is always right there waiting for recall, a calendar, or calendar/day timer app can make your life so much easier, and increase your productivity exponentially. Focus on the task at hand Even if you are trying to accomplish multiple things at the same time, or juggling multiple responsibilities at the same time, the best way to ensure all of them get done to the best of your abilities is to compartmentalize them and focus on them one at a time. When we say “multitasking” what we mean is accomplishing multiple things that share deadlines at the same time. Trying to do multiple things at the same time (as in simultaneously) is actually bad for productivity. In order to really maximize your productivity, you are going to need to be able to focus intensely on what you are doing and then switch your brain to the next task. For instance, we can use the analogy of making a cake. Making a cake is the macro task, but there are dozens of smaller, subordinate microtasks associated with it. You have to walk to the cupboard, you have to take out the siv, you have to beat the eggs, you have to grease the pan, you have to preheat the oven. The best way to approach this macro task is to dedicate yourself fully to each microtask as it is needed. The cake analogy is how you should go about structuring your days at university. While keeping time constraints in mind, focus all of your attention on each microtask and, when it’s done, immediately move onto the next one. Starting one process here, and then switching to another before the first one is done is a recipe for lost productivity. When there are too many tasks to handle At some point during your university career you are going to come up against your multitasking and productivity limitations. In a sense, your university experience deliberately imposes this on you. Part of learning about the world and learning about your place in it, is understanding what you can expect from yourself. While you should always be striving for more and challenging yourself, you will avoid a lot of pain and suffering throughout your life if you come to grips with what you can realistically accomplish. Modern university is, in a sense, designed to see just how many different competing obligations you can handle in your life. Multiple final exams on the same day require you to make difficult decisions about what and how to study; parties and interpersonal relationships present temptation when you really should be finishing your weekly article review, testing your ability to sacrifice and postpone. Sometimes, however, the impossible is asked of you. Sometimes there is just not enough time to do all of the things you need to do. When that is the case (and it likely will be numerous times throughout your university career), there are essay writing services to help lighten the load. You need to sleep Productivity comes down to drive and work ethic, but it also has a lot to do with how well you treat your body. A lot of the time, university life is not exactly conducive to healthy living. Being pressed for time means we don’t eat healthy enough. It means we don’t make time for hitting the gym every day, or even every other day. It means going to bed late, and waking up early. We put our bodies through a lot during our university years, and some of it comes down to necessary sacrifice, but a lot of it is poor choices. You need proper rest to allow your brain to complete its proper daily functioning. Your central nervous system allows the rest of your body to function as it should, including uncluttering your short term memory, and making room for new information. If you don’t sleep enough, you end up not being able to remember what it is you are, or were supposed to be doing the following day, which can have a massive impact on how productive you are. You don’t have to be doing a million things at once to be productive. As long as you are completing each task at hand as it comes along, and dedicating yourself fully to each one, big or small, you will find that you accomplish more during the day then you ever thought possible. It requires some discipline and, over time, your focus really does improve, as does your self-control. Keep the above multitasking and productivity tips in mind to increase how much you get done during the day, as well as how well you do it, and reach out to Homework Help Global when there just doesn’t seem to be enough time to spare. References: Jansen, M. (2019). “The best calendar apps for Android and iOS.” Digital Trends. Retrieved from: Johansson, A. (2017). “Adequate sleep is essential for productivity.” Home Business. Retrieved from:

Darwinists and Dissenters - 1535 Words

Did God create the universe or did the universe create itself? Ever since Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species was first published in 1859, the debate between those that believe life was brought into existence by supernatural means and those who believe in Darwin’s theory of evolution has been fierce. Each side presents compelling arguments that may sway any uneducated reader to agree with their position based solely on the confidence they portray in their writings. However, because of the vastness and strength of evidence presented by the proponents of modern evolutionary theory, Darwinists have proved their point much greater than those who argue in favor of Intelligent Design. In this essay, four arguments will be presented; two†¦show more content†¦In other words, the complexity of life and its organisms could not have arisen slowly over time because if one part of a whole is not present then it cannot function, survive, and therefore possess the abili ty to reproduce and evolve. Behe explains this theory using a mousetrap as an example. He writes that â€Å"if any one of the components of the mousetrap (the base, hammer, spring, catch, or holding bar) is removed, then the trap does not function† and that â€Å"because the mousetrap is necessarily composed of several parts, it is irreducibly complex†¦ thus [proving] irreducibly complex systems exist† (5). Although Behe’s theory seems reasonable, Jerry Coyne points out in his book, Why Evolution Is True, that â€Å"the†¦ designs [observed] make sense only if they evolved from features of earlier ancestors† and that an Intelligent Designer would not have made it a motive to have organisms appear as though they evolved (Coyne, 85). Coyne’s critique of Behe’s theory of irreducible complexity further solidifies the Darwinists’ claim, especially in regard to his point that an Intelligent DesignerShow MoreRelatedEssay about Buck versus Bell3633 Words   |  15 Pagesintentions as those of the European immigrants. The presence of these minority groups generated both racial and class fears within white middle and upper class Americans. The fervent ethnocentrism resulting from these fears, coupled with the Social Darwinist concepts of Herbert Spencer, would ultimately spur the American eugenics movement. Originating from the theories of Sir Francis Galton, the cousin of Charles Darwin, eugenics is the study of human heredity and genetic principles for the purposesRead MoreHerbert Spencer Essay13142 Words   |  53 Pagessociocultural evolution amounted to, in Spencers phrase, the survival of the fittest. The free market system, without interference by governments, would weed out the weak and unfit. His controversial laissez-faire philosophy was praised by social Darwinists such as William Graham Sumner and opposed by sociologists such as Lester Frank Ward. Liked or loathed, Spencer was one of the most discu ssed Victorian thinkers. For more information on Herbert Spencer, visit Britannica.com.    |British History: Herbert

Hamlet Essay - 1206 Words

Hamlet Each major character of Shakespeare’s Hamlet has a major flaw, which destroys him or her. The King, Queen, Hamlet, Ophelia, and Polonius all have these flaws but Horatio does not. He is Shakespeare’s ideal man. Claudius’ fatal flaw is ambitiousness. Claudius kills his brother King Hamlet and then takes the throne by marrying King Hamlet’s wife: â€Å"Therefore our sometime sister, now our queen†¦have we (as ‘twere with a defeated joy, with an auspicious and a dropping eye, with mirth in funeral and with dirge in marriage, in equal scale weighing delight and dole) taken to wife†(I.ii.10-14). Claudius admits to killing the King in a confessional prayer: â€Å"O, my offense is rank, it smells to heaven; it hath the primal†¦show more content†¦And yet , within a month (let me not think on ‘t; frailty, thy name is woman!)†¦(O God, a beast that wants discourse of reason would have mourned longer!), married with my uncle†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (I.ii.142, 147-150, 155-156). Gertrude trusts King Claudius and because of her trust her fate becomes death: King: Gertrude, do not drink. Queen: I will, my lord; I pray you pardon me. [She drinks] King: [aside] It is the poisoned cup. It is too late†¦ Queen: No, no, the drink, the drink! O, my dear Hamlet! The drink, the drink! I am poisoned. Hamlet’s passivity is his flaw. The deceased King Hamlet’s ghost tells Hamlet to get revenge: â€Å"Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder† (I.v.31) and by telling him this he misses the opportunity to kill King Claudius: â€Å"Now might I do it *pat*, now he is a-praying, and now I’ll do ‘t. And so he goes to heaven, and so am I *revenged*†¦A villain kills my father, and for that, I, his sole son, do this same villain send to heaven. Why, this is [something Claudius should pay me for], not revenge. He took my father grossly, full of bread, with all his crimes broad blown, as flush as May; and how his audit stands who knows save heaven. But in our circumstance and course of thought ‘tis heavy with him. And am I then revenged to take him in the purgingShow MoreRelatedHamlet Madness In Hamlet1293 Words   |  6 Pages When reading Shakespeare’s Hamlet as a class, the first thing that most teachers or professors point out is the argument/idea of sanity, specifically Hamlets sanity. I believe that Hamlet is, in fact, feigning his madness. What I do not know is if I believe this because it is what I was taught or if I came up with the idea myself based on my own interpretation. When I was taught Hamlet there was no argument it was just fact that he was faking his madness. Because of my confusion, I came to findRead MoreHamlet1304 Words   |  6 Pagesunderlying themes of revenge, incest, and suicide, William Shakespeare’s Hamlet was remembered by many Elizabethan Era viewers as both a philosophical and oft-debated masterpiece (Dickson). These controversial themes attracted viewers everywhere, enticing them to see the play. One scene in particular from the original text of the play where this proves true is act IV, scene iv, lines 31-65, in which the titular character Hamlet decides tha t the time for revenge is at hand in an insightful soliloquyRead MoreHamlet787 Words   |  4 PagesElements of Drama: A Review of Hamlet Elements of Drama: A Review of Hamlet The way an artist creates a sculpture is similar to the tactics of a drama writer. While artist focus on the color and shape of their creations, writers of drama focus on specific elements. In Hamlet, Shakespeare uses plot, character, setting, staging, and theme to create a well-rounded story. One of the first elements of drama is plot. Considered to be the foundation, plot is theRead MoreHamlet As The Tragic Hero Of The Play Hamlet 1314 Words   |  6 PagesIn order to better understand Hamlet one must first asses, and define man. According to webster dictionary a man is a male often having the qualities associated with bravery,script or toughness(site webster dictionary www.define a man.com here). We know the male figure is known to exhibit distinctive male traits such as strength, dignity, courage and be a provider and supporter. As seen in Hamlet one must understand the male figure to better understand Hamlet and why the male behave in such waysRead MoreHamlet Analysis : Hamlet 1149 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish December 7, 2015 Hamlet Analysis Prince Hamlet is a man who enjoys contemplating difficult philosophical questions. When his father the king of Denmark, was killed by his uncle. when Hamlet returns he sees his ghost after he returns home to find evidence of his father’s death. The Ghost of Hamlet tells Prince Hamlet that his uncle Claudius his uncle was the one who killed his father with poison of the ear. Throughout the rest of the story with him, Hamlet seeks to prove his uncle ClaudiusRead More Character of Hamlet in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay1324 Words   |  6 PagesCharacter of Hamlet in Shakespeares Hamlet Hamlet is a man of many discoveries. The tragic hero in Shakespeares Hamlet undergoes many changes throughout the play. His mindset is set deep and far away from the physical world that both helps him and hinders him in his plight for revenge against his uncle, Claudius, and his mother. When Hamlet is first introduced in Act I, Scene II, the reader is shown the depths of his sorrow. The King asks Hamlet How is it that the clouds still hangRead MoreHamlet : William Shakespeare s Hamlet1259 Words   |  6 PagesOmar Sancho Professor Christopher Cook English 201-0810 Hamlet Paper 23 May 2016 Hamlet Character Analysis â€Å"There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so.†(Act 2, Scene 2, 239-251) Hamlet by William Shakespeare is one of the most famous plays written that conveys a multitude theme. But most predominant is the presence of Hamlet s obsession with philosophy of life, throughout the play Hamlet philosophy reviles his point of view love, loyalty, the importance of family and friendsRead MoreOphelia and Hamlet in The Tragedy of Hamlet Essay1559 Words   |  7 PagesOphelia and Hamlet In 1600, William Shakespeare composed what is considered the greatest tragedy of all time, Hamlet, the tragedy of the Prince of Denmark. His masterpiece forever redefined what tragedy should be. Critics have analyzed it word for word for nearly four hundred years, with each generation appreciating Hamlet in its own way. While Hamlet conforms, without a doubt, to Aristotles definition of a tragedy, one question still lingers. Did Shakespeare intend for the reader or viewerRead More Hamlet Essay599 Words   |  3 PagesThe Revenge of Prince Hamlet nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Shakespeare’s, Hamlet, is a wonderfully written play that has many tangled webs of lies, betrayal, and revenge. The play starts off with the death of Hamlets father, the king. One night Hamlet sees the ghost of his dead father. The ghost speaks to Hamlet and tells him that he was killed by Claudius. Claudius, who is Hamlets uncle, has recently become the new king and as well married Hamlets fathers wife, GertrudeRead More Hamlet Essay1107 Words   |  5 Pages Perhaps the most famous soliloquy in literature, these words reflect the state of desperation in which Hamlet, the Prince of Denmark, finds himself as he contemplates suicide. His father, the King, has died. His mother, the Queen, has remarried within a month of the Kings passing, an act which has disturbed young Hamlet in and of it. To make it worse, she has married the Kings brother, Hamlets uncle, who is now the King of Denmark. As Hamlets despair deepens, he learns through the appearance

Understanding and Coping with Change Free Essays

Understanding and Coping with Change For many years, the world of business has experienced an increasing rate of change. Alvin Toffler (1970) predicted the trend several decades ago. Toffler also noted that people exhibit a natural tendency to resist change. We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding and Coping with Change or any similar topic only for you Order Now This resistance to change is a major organizational challenge that organizations must learn to manage. As individuals respond to change in different ways, and as variations in responses produce different outcomes the recognition of this resistance to change is an essential step in the development and implementation of effective change management strategies. Change, positive or negative, is unsettling because people seek stability. Certain individuals are more resistant to change than others, at times there can be situational characteristics such as a lack of trust in management contributing to this resistance to change. Often this resistance to change is out of self interest, at stake can be factors such as income, job security, prestige, power, and personal convenience. Low tolerance for change, lack of trust in management, and self interest are all factors which result in resistance to change. However my experience suggests that lack of understanding of the need for change can be the single greatest contributing factor and is the factor which the organization has the greatest control over. My current employer is in the process of implementing a major change in the organizational structure. Without going into too much detail the restructure involves changes to the pay structure and changes in organizational reporting . As is the case with most organizational changes there has been a great deal of resistance involved. Previously I had suggested that lack of understanding of the need for change can be the single greatest contributing factor and the factor which the organization has the greatest control over. I believe that to be the case here, the organization has done an absolutely abysmal job in communicating what the changes will entail and why the changes are needed. As a result of this poor communication there is a great deal of apprehension and resistance to these changes. This poor communication has resulted in a lack of trust in senior management and an ever increasing sentiment that the changes are going to result in a reduction in pay and benefits. This protection of self interest is a natural eaction being that many of the individuals affected have been with the organization for several years. Over time a person’s investment in a company escalates as pension funds accumulate and the allowed vacation time rises, along with their chances of being promoted or enjoying the benefits of seniority, this is known as the sunk cost doctrine. This investment in the organization can in turn lead to greater resistance to change as the employee seeks to maintain the status quo (Patti , 1974). Again it is imperative that the organization manage change through proper communications, detailing the nature of the pending changes and the need for and expectations of these changes. While this will not always ensure that all members of the organization agree with the changes or the need for them it will eliminated the apprehension that comes with the unknown. John Kotter of the Harvard Business School has built on existing models of change to create a more detailed approach for implementing change. Kotter began by listing common mistakes that organizations make when trying to initiate changes. These mistakes include the inability of the organization to create a sense of urgency about the need for change, failure to create a coalition for managing the change process, the absence of a vision for change and the ability to effectively communicate that vision, not removing obstacles that could impede the achievement of the vision, failure to provide short term and achievable goals, the tendency to declare victory too soon, and not anchoring the changes into the organization’s culture (Kotter, 1996). Kotter established eight sequential steps for organizations to use in overcoming and managing these problems. They are as follows; 1. Establish a sense of urgency by creating a compelling reason of why change is needed. 2. Form a coalition with enough power to lead the change. 3. Create a new vision to direct the change and strategies for achieving the vision. 4. Communicate the vision throughout the organization. 5. Empower others to act on the vision by removing barriers to change and encouraging risk taking and creative problem solving 6. Plan for and create reward short term wins that move the organization toward the new vision. 7. Consolidate improvements, reassess changes, and make necessary adjustments in the new program. 8. Reinforce the changes by demonstrating the relationship between new behaviors and organizational success. The first four steps essentially extrapolate on the unfreezing stage. Steps 5 through 7 represent ‘movement’. And the final step works on ‘refreezing’. When I look at the organizational structure change my current employer is going through it is clear that they have made many of the mistakes Kotter discussed. When reviewing the unfreezing stage the organization has not created any sense of urgency or new vision to direct change. As I have discussed previously the entire communication process related to these changes has been vague at best. The restructuring project is being lead by well respected senior management within the organization, however without the other components discussed respected senior management leadership of project is not enough to ensure its success. We are currently in the movement phase of the project, this phase has been filled with a great deal of uncertainty and apprehension. Individuals within the organization are concerned as to what the end result is going to look like and ultimately how their self interests are going to be affected. The final step of refreezing has not yet occurred, so it is unclear if this project will ever achieve acceptance among the member of the organization. I believe that while the organization has made many mistakes in implementing this change it is not too late for this project to be successful. While to project is currently underway, or in the movement phase, I believe the senior management can take a step back, recognize mistakes made, and implement an expedited unfreezing stage. A component of this expedited unfreezing stage needs to be recognition of initial failures followed by creating the sense of urgency and the creation of new vision that Kotter outlined. Without that I do not foresee the organization being successful in demonstrating the relationship between new behaviors and organizational success. Kotter, J. P. (1996). Leading change. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Patti, R. J. (1974). Organizational resistance and change: The view from below. Social Service Review, 48, 371–372. Toffler, A. (1970). Future shock. New York: Random House. How to cite Understanding and Coping with Change, Papers

Importance of Play for Children Aged Between 4 and 6 free essay sample

The importance of play for children between 4 and 6 Written by Tessa Batchelor Submitted to New Zealand College of Early Childhood Education 2011 This Booklet outlines the importance of the play curriculum and learning for children aged between 4 and 6 years. Creative, imaginative and physical play will be focused on as well as the adults’ role in the promotion of play and the importance of a positive environment for play and learning. Included in this will be examples of play opportunities that link to Te Whariki and explain intended learning outcomes. The information within this booklet is intended to be a resource for early childhood professionals. How Creative Play Can Promote Learning: Creative play can promote learning in several ways. Three ways this booklet will focus on are cognitive development, fine motor skills and social development. Cognitive skills between the ages of four and six can be developed through creative play. It is stated in Beaver, Brewster, Jones, Keene, Neaum and Tallack (2001), that creative play involves children developing individual ideas in ways that are not immediately apparent. It is valuable for children to engage in problem solving, resulting in the ability to take responsibility for their own learning (Smith, 1998). Concentration can be developed by children engaging in creative play due to extended periods of focus on their chosen task. By the age of six children have gained the ability to concentrate on a task without having their attention diverted from ten minutes to longer periods of time. During a creative play activity children will often portray one object as another, which cultivates the use of their imagination (Beaver, et al, 2001). Beaver, Brewster, Jones, Keene, Neaum and Tallack (2001) details how creative play can promote learning in children by encouraging the use of fine motor skills. Fine motor skills include small finger movements, manipulative skills and hand eye co ordination (Santrock, 2007). Between the ages of four and six fine motor skills are becoming well coordinated (Beaver, et al, 2001). â€Å"Hand, arm, and fingers all move together under better command of the eye† (Santrock, 2007, p. 187). An example of how creative play can help develop fine motor skills would be when a child is using a pencil to create a picture; they are using a fine hold involving the thumb and fingers. This builds on their hand eye co ordination (Beaver, et al, 2001). Creative play also encourages social development. This involves associative play which includes other children joining in play together (Smith, 1998). Santrock (2007) explains that associative play gives children the opportunity to play together in a social setting and in a creative manner, with little to no organisation. †¦ Children make intermittent interactions and/or are involved in the same activity although their play remains personal† (Beaver, Brewster, Jones, Keene, Neaum and Tallack, 2001, p. 368). Being involved in a creative activity promotes children sharing and taking turns. Participating in an activity within a social setting presents the opportunity to make and maintain friendships (Beaver, et al, 2001). Creative Play Opportunity for Four to Six Year Olds: One creative play opportunity for four to six year olds is a play dough activity involving varied materials. To set up this activity, distribute equal amounts of play dough evenly across a table. This activity needs to be situated in a resource area with access to various materials, including glass stones, bottle lids, ice block sticks, small wooden sticks, shells, material pieces, straws, feathers, and glitter. Incorporate a wide range of scissors and other implements such as cake containers, paper plates, paper muffin cases, play dough pizza cutters, rolling pins, differently shaped biscuit cutters and plastic cutting utensils. The children choose what materials they wish to include in the play opportunity creating a free play environment. Although creative play should begin with an individual expression of children’s’ ideas and have an open ended outcome, intended learning can still occur. Penrose (1998, p. 96) states â€Å"creativity is a process and the expression is in the doing-not the result†. The intended learning for this play opportunity is problem solving, creative and imaginative skills, co ordination of eyes, hand, arm and body and exploration. This play opportunity will promote the intended learning outcome by encouraging children to problem solve. This can occur because of the children’s’ chosen use of the varied materials and the new concepts that they create in relation to their choices. Because older children are already aware of the conventional uses for the materials imaginative ideas are necessary for the ability to portray one thing as another (Beaver, et al, 2001). Hand eye co ordination and fine motor skills are promoted by this play opportunity due to the manipulative manner in which play dough is used (E. Salcin-Watts, Class Handout, August 5, 2010). Children are involved in exploration through comparisons in textures between the play dough and various materials. Somerset, 2000). Beaver, Brewster, Jones, Keene, Neaum and Tallack (2001) acknowledge that all children learn through play at their own level, therefore this play opportunity provides a wide range of materials. This is to ensure that the diverse needs in a group of children are met. The play dough supplied should be safe to chew but discouraged due to the belief in many cultures that playing with food is unacceptable. Distinguishing the difference between using food substances for play dough and cooking is valuable for cultural sensitivity (Penrose, 1998). As the play dough is evenly distributed across the table, each child has equal opportunity to be involved. This play opportunity links to Te Whariki through Strand 3 – Contribution, Goal 2. â€Å"Children experience an environment where they are affirmed as individuals. Children develop a perception of themselves as capable of acquiring new interests and abilities† (Ministry of Education, 1996, p. 68). By engaging in this play opportunity young children are helping their own interests and curiosity progress, they are becoming aware of what their strengths and abilities are (MoE, 1996). Strand 5, Exploration Goal 1 can also be linked to this play opportunity. â€Å"Children experience an environment where their play is valued as meaningful learning and the importance of spontaneous play is recognized. Children develop the ability to make decisions, choose their own materials, and set their own problems. †(Ministry of Education, 1996, p. 84). In this play opportunity young children have access to appropriate materials and are stimulated to enhance their problem solving skills. (MoE, 1996). Imaginative Play Imaginative play can promote learning in varied ways. In this booklet children’s learning of self expression, language development and social development will be discussed. Beaver, Brewster, Jones, Keene, Neaum and Tallack describe imagination as â€Å"the ability to form mental images, or concepts of objects not present, or that do not exist† (2001, p. 118). By participating in imaginative play children have the opportunity to begin expressing themselves and their interpretations of the world around them. Feelings of anxiety about unknown situations can be alleviated by acting out and exploring possible scenarios and outcomes in a familiar setting (Somerset, 2000). New characters or situations can be formed during imaginative play which encourages children to express themselves in unique ways (Beaver, et al, 2001). Role play accommodates for children’s sense of the world and creates a safe environment to explore their feelings (Beaver, et al, 2001). An important part of imaginary play is the dialogue that happens between children (Penrose, 1998). â€Å"Imaginative play provides children with a means of communication with others and themselves. † (Beaver, Brewster, Jones, Keene, Neaum and Tallack, 2001, p. 414). Symbolism is indispensable in understanding language both orally and written. Older children display the ability to use symbolism when they no longer need the ‘real thing’ and begin making their own props or improvising to act out their imaginary play (Penrose, 1998). When children watch the world around them language is a big part of what they observe. Somerset recognises that â€Å"As a child grows, adult words to fit a situation are borrowed, practised and adopted. † (2000, p. 63). Therefore whilst engaging in imaginary play language is being developed through phrases, words and conversations children have heard in their community. Imaginary play can encourage group activities, especially when engaging in role play. In dramatic play children take on a role and every child has their part to play (Penrose, 1988). Children between the ages of 4 and 6 have the ability to participate in c-operative play (Beaver, et al, 2001). Social development is displayed in this age group through the use of co-operative play as children are playing for longer periods of time and are taking responsibility for their peers needs and actions (Penrose, 1998; Beaver, et al, 2001). By partaking in co-operative imaginary play children can acquire the capability to problem solve, build on leadership skills and communicate in various ways in regards to turn taking (Penrose, 1998). Play opportunity for Imaginary play for 4-6 year olds: An imaginary play opportunity for children aged between 4 and 6 is a family role play scenario. To set up this activity a family corner/area will need to be created. To create a family area you will need to ensure that the children have enough space to move around and play together, that children have various materials accessible to them and that equipment imitates things children would see in the home (Somerset, 2000). When providing equipment for the family area it is important to include common objects from other cultures also. For example having kete (Maori flax woven bags/baskets) for children to go shopping with. When providing dress up equipment ensure there are a wide range of different jobs available. Children by the age of 4 will often have picked up on stereotypical gender roles, it is important to encourage children to act out a diverse range of roles. By choosing dress up clothing that is easily put on it gives children the opportunity to involve themselves in the play regardless of ability (Beaver, et al, 2001). Intended learning for this play opportunity is social development, language development and communication through expressing one’s self. Social development at the ages of 4 to 6 can consist of taking turns and taking responsibility of their peer’s actions (Penrose, 1998). In this play opportunity children will be required by their peer’s to share roles and take turns with equipment. A family play situation promotes children’s ability to recognise the rules for behaviour they have experienced. This play opportunity creates a safe space to practice these rules. For example when a child is pretending to be a mother and disciplining their doll for breaking the rules set by the child (Smith, 1998). Smith explores this by stating â€Å"They develop more and more complex rules and roles for themselves in dramatic play. † (1998, pg. 18). Arthur, L. , Beecher, B. , Death, E. , Dockett, S. , Farmer, S. (as cited in Dockett, S. , Fleer, M. , 1999) show how this play opportunity relates to language development by stating â€Å"When children engage in dramatic play, especially shared pretend play, there are many opportunities for language interaction. † (2007, pg. 87). Children will use phrases heard in their home while acting out family situations, for example a repetitive phrase used by a mother could be â€Å"time to snuggle down into bed† which a child involved in this play opportunity could repeat to a doll or peer also involved (Penrose, 1998). Children involved in a family play opportunity can use this safe space to express themselves. This play opportunity is a safe way for children to explore their feelings as they can opt out of play at any time which consequently helps children to feel more comfortable and more able to explore their own emotions and express themselves (Beaver, et al, 2001). This family play opportunity entails all of the following â€Å"Imaginative play helps children to practise adult roles and social relationships, to share each other’s experiences and to integrate various aspects of their own experiences, to inhibit conflict and to develop cooperation, to enhance verbal communication and to express emotion. † (Smith, 1998, pg. 18). This play opportunity links to Te Whariki through the Communication strand and Contribution Strand. Te Whariki explains that an adults’ responsibility in practice is to provide a drama rich environment that extends children’s ifferent concepts, ideas and cultures. Strand 4 Communication, Goal 4; â€Å" Children experience an environment where they discover and develop different ways to be creative and expressive. † (MoE, 1996, pg. 80) shows that children can develop a familiarity with drama in which they express their feelings and moods, and explore situations and cultures (MoE, 1996). This play opportunity displays children’s chance to be expressive in regards to emotions and act out situations. Strand 3 Contribution, Goal 3; â€Å" Children experience an environment where they are encouraged to learn with and alongside others. † (MoE, 1996, pg. 0) shows that children can develop â€Å"strategies and skills for initiating, maintain, and enjoying a relationship with other children – including taking turns, problem solving, negotiating, taking another’s point of view, supporting others, and understanding other people’s attitudes and feelings – in a variety of contexts;† (MoE, 1996, pg. 70). This play opportunity encompasses these strategies as children are participating in co-operative play in which they need to, for example, take turns with the dramatic play equipment (Beaver, et al, 2001). Physical Play Physical play can promote learning in several ways. The ways this booklet will focus on are gross motor skills and social and emotional development. By the age of 4 children are confident in climbing up and over large equipment. Between the ages of 4 and 6 children are developing agility and strength. These skills are important for such physical movements as jumping and climbing. Due to climbing children begin developing the ability to balance. Children between these ages are learning hand eye coordination due to new skills in catching, kicking and throwing balls (Beaver, et al, 2001). Arthur, L. , Beecher, B. , Death, E. , Dockett, S. , Farmer, S. ecognises that â€Å"One of the fascinating things about motor skills is that they develop with practice. † (2007, pg. 81). Therefore through repetition children can learn skills involving gross motor skills. Once children are four years of age the speed of their running can be changed more conveniently and their physical competency is displayed through the ability to accomplish tasks such as long jumps while running, skipping or hopping. By achieving in physical activities children have their skills consolidated and consequently develop confidence in their physical aptitude.

Jems maturity Essay Example

Jems maturity Paper Jems maturity BY ollte1999 To kill a mockingbird. in To Kill a Mockingbird, Jem has significantly grown from a childish, playful boy that he was from the beginning of the novel, to a more calm, composed and mature figure resemblance to that of his father, Atticus. Harper Lee has incorporated the theme of Maturity into the novel through the development of Jem. Jem is shown in the beginning of the novel to be a boisterous child whose concept of bravery was through the acceptance of dares. Scout earlier on in the novel states Jem never declined a dare in his life. This depicts Jems immaturity through he has to do dares to seem brave to his peers furthermore his lack of knowledge about the current standings in which America are towards racial inequality or shown here and more so throughout the novel. Jem becomes more mature as the novel progresses. This is influenced by his father, Atticus Finchs, actions in the trial of Tom Robinson. A completely unfair Jury which ecides to convict Tom of raping a white woman, changes Jems view on life and how ridiculous it was that black people were discriminated against because of the colour of their skin. Another way of showing that he has matured is his actions towards Arthur (boo) Radley. Boo Radley is man who got into some mischief when he was a teenager and his father therefore sentenced him to a lifetime of imprisonment in his own home. Many rumors are spread about Arthur because no one has seen him for years. We will write a custom essay sample on Jems maturity specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Jems maturity specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Jems maturity specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer These rumors portray an image to Jem and Scout that he is a mysterious and eccentric who will kill you if you saw him. During the summer, Jem, Scout and Dill would dare each other to go and touch the Radley house or see who could get a glimpse of Arthur. However when they finally found out that he is a kind but simple human being Jem takes and step back to think about how all these rumors about Boo are wrong and how he has been discriminated against Just like the black people were.

Free Essays on Communications Situations

, pictures and consistency, such as Woolworths supermarket’s television advertisements are practicing. They are able to create a memorable slogan ‘The Fresh Food People’ for the Project Fresh campaign since 1986. The colour sc... Free Essays on Communications Situations Free Essays on Communications Situations Subject area: Communication situation is the situation in which consumers receive information about products and services that has an impact on their behaviour (Neal 2004: 37). These information can be transmitted through the use of marketing communications, such as television , radio, direct mail, newspaper, flyers, internet – email, magazines. Television marketing is a non-personal mass media channel that transmits messages to reach a wide and often non-contiguous audience. The five decision areas in the creative side of marketing communication message execution are message storytelling, tone and style, words, pictures and consistency that can affect a consumer’s awareness (Duncan 2005: 308). After understanding the television commercial message, a consumer undergoes the consumer decision process and decision on his/her lifestyle. Research: In terms of television marketing, the message storytelling, seek to bring a big idea alive in an attention-getting and memorable advertisement. The example of news announcement uses a straightforward, factual presentation and emphasises an appeal to reason the usefulness for new and existing products (Duncan 2005:309). The example of Oral-B toothbrush and toothpaste in the television commercial uses a professional dentist to make the announcement of their products to produce informative and persuasive appeals to target the audiences. A clever slogan used by Oral-B is ‘The Brand More Dentists Use Themselves’, provides a straight-selling approach in this channel (Gillette 2004:1). Tone and style refers to the general atmosphere of expression that is used, can influence both positive and negative consumer behaviour, awareness and credibility. Words, pictures and consistency, such as Woolworths supermarket’s television advertisements are practicing. They are able to create a memorable slogan ‘The Fresh Food People’ for the Project Fresh campaign since 1986. The colour sc...

I have assignment to paraphrase 4 pages of a debate that we had. I Essay

I have assignment to paraphrase 4 pages of a debate that we had. I have it but I need to paraphrase it with keeping the meaning and the main points - Essay Example There exists a debate between two opposing camps; Liberals and Conservatives. The Conservatives feel that the government is too big already and should therefore desist from engaging in the provision of social services to those in need. In other words, the provision is such a big problem that the government alone cannot handle. Their claim is based on the fact that the government’s services are bloated with bureaucratic procedures which means that time is severely wasted. In addition, the lack of competition also implies the lack of incentives to provide better services and more waste of limited resources. Yet again, Conservatives believe that government efforts could contribute to the establishment of a social welfare state which soon ushers socialism, and matures into communism. The other camp however believes that social services involve providing solutions to a monumental problem – a task that can only be accomplished by a â€Å"big† government. In other words, liberals believe that the problem of poverty can only be solved through government intervention. The following debate on Social services is based to a wide extent on the thirteenth chapter of Kindle, Midgley, Browns and Karger’s book, Controversial Issues in Social Policy. Based on a debate arises between people who believe social welfare is a government’s affair and the people who think that it is too big a problem for the government to handle alone 1. Since Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) are not likely to change with changes in political activities for instance when there is an election and there is a change in political leadership, they are best suited to offer social services. The government will call for bids from private organizations to offer required services and with a well laid down criteria. The government may then chose the organization that best qualifies to provide social services with due regard to

QUANTITATIVE METHODS IN BUSINESS & MANAGEMENT Coursework - 1

QUANTITATIVE METHODS IN BUSINESS & MANAGEMENT - Coursework Example Wales had a small representation in the study with only 5 percent. The pie chart below further illustrates the representation by state. The age of the respondents is shown in the table above. The age ranges from 18 years to 97 years. There were those who also did not know their age were grouped as DK/Ref/NA/. The highest number of respondents was of the age 65-97 years. The age between 18-24 had 12.1 percent representation. The pie charts before shows the age representation of the respondents. The above table shows the marital status where most of the respondents are married or living as married with 62.3 percent. There were also another 21.2 percent of those who said they never been married. Widowed were 6.8 percent while those who were separated or divorced had 9.7 percent. The table above shows the views of the respondents on issues of Censorship of films and magazines is necessary to uphold moral standards. 17.8 percent and 43.2 percent of that respondents said they agree and strongly agree respectively. There were only 12.6 percent of the respondents who disagreed while 3.7 who strongly disagreed. There were 21.4 percent remained neutral while 1.3 percent did not answer. This question was about readership of the newspaper in UK, from the statically data above, most of the people in UK stay with paper with those with no paper being 60.4 percent. Tabloid has a readership of 25.9 percent; broadsheet had 13.1 percent while those who read other paper had 0.5 percent. This means that most of the people do not read newspapers. However, among those who read it go for tabloid compared to broadsheet. The above question wanted to know the opinion of people of UK what the government should do between spending and tax. Most of the people wanted the government to keep spending and taxes to be at the same level with 54.5 percent which is more than half of the respondents. There another group of people who felt that taxes and spending

What Is The Sources Of Skepticism Philosophy Essay

What Is The Sources Of Skepticism Philosophy Essay It is maintained that epistemological skepticism is different in theme and scope. There are two types of skepticism: knowledge skepticism and justification skepticism (Moser et al, 1998). While unlimited knowledge skepticism suggests that no one knows anything including the claim itself (reference), unlimited justification skepticism suggests a radical point of view that no one is even justified in believing anything including this view itself (reference). Epistemological skepticism differs in theme and scope. Two noteworthy types of skepticism are recognized: knowledge skepticism and justification skepticism (Moser et al., 1998). Unrestricted knowledge skepticism implies that no one knows anything including this claim itself. Unrestricted justification skepticism implies extreme view that no one is even justified in believing anything including this view itself. Another discrepancy is related to the level of skepticism. In its first level, skepticism claims that it impossible for an individual to know anything. In its second level, skepticism proposes that an individual does not know that he has knowledge. I t is probably that one knows P, but he does not know that he knows P ( Brenecker and Dretske, 2000). The other difference concerns the order or level of skepticism. In its strongest form, first order (or direct) skepticism implies that it is [impossible of] logically impossible for anyone to know anything. Second order (or iterative) skepticism is a weaker thesis that we cannot know that we have knowledge. Maybe you know P, maybe you do not, but you cannot know that you know P (Brenecker and Dretske, 2000). Regardless of the shape or size taken by skepticism, it is believed that is stimulated by one sole thing: seeking unlimited knowledge. Whatever form or magnitude skepticism takes, it is thought to be motivated by one thing; the search for true unrestricted knowledge. Pyrrhonians utilized skepticism in their search for true knowledge, which led them to suspending judgment of truth. However, ancient skepticism used to be unlimited with no conditions. It is believed that ancient skepticism is motivated by the nature of social and intellectual turmoil that existed in those times which invited deep questions about right and wrong, and truth and false (reference). Ancient skepticism placed for discussion more extreme doubts and maintained more radical attitudes than those familiar in modern skepticism. For instance, Sextus uses Gorgias argument to conclude that nothing exists (and that if it did we could not know so, and that we could not communicate it even if we knew (reference). (1) Skeptics in the ancient world particularly Pyrrhonians deployed skeptical behavior in the infinite quest for knowledge and truth. They suspended judgment of truth of any claim. Ancient skepticism was unrestricted and unconditional. It is believed [Thought] to be motivated by the nature of social and intellectual turmoil that existed in those times which invited deep questions about right and wrong, and truth and false. Ancient [ancient] skepticism raised more radical doubts and adopted more extreme positions than those we see in modern skepticism. An example which Sextus favors is Gorgias argument for the conclusion that nothing exists (and that if it did we could not know so, and that we could not communicate it even if we knew)  [1]  . The basic themes of ancient skepticism are belief, suspension of judgment, criterion of truth, appearances, and investigation (reference). However, modern skepticism mainly focuses on knowledge, certainty, justified belief, and doubt (reference). (2) The core concepts of ancient skepticism are belief, suspension of judgment, criterion of truth, appearances, and investigation. Modern skepticism is more concerned about knowledge, certainty, justified belief, and doubt  [2]  . The skeptical challenge has indeed many sources in the epistemological context. One of these sources is that we obtain our knowledge about the outside world through senses. We, however, may be deceived by these senses, and therefore, skepticism, due to the epistemic priority of the senses, becomes an unavoidable issue (Okasha, 2003). There are many sources or root causes for the skeptical challenge in the epistemological context. One such source is the fact that knowledge about the external world is principally informed by senses. As we will see later, those senses might deceive us in many ways. The epistemic priority of the senses makes skepticism unavoidable (Okasha, 2003). The epistemic priority of the senses has indeed a catastrophic effect on the human knowledge. When we agree that one type of knowledge comes before another as an underlying component of our philosophical understanding, we cannot be satisfied by a different idea (Stroud, 1989). (Stroud, 1989) believes that such epistemic priority has fatal consequences on the understanding of human knowledge. Stroud argues that once we accept the idea that one kind of knowledge being prior to another as an essential ingredient in the kind of philosophical understanding we seek, it immediately becomes difficult to imagine, let alone to find anything that could satisfy us (1989, p. 312).

Acupuncture essay

Acupuncture Acupuncture is a traditional Eastern therapeutic technique that uses fine needles, inserted into specific points on the body along the meridians in proper speed to achieve a specific therapeutic goal. Acupuncture originated in prehistoric China, and it is based on such theories of Traditional Chinese Medicine as treating blockages of Qi, yin-yang balancing, five elements theory and pulse diagnosis. The functional system of channels and organs uses concepts of yin-yang balancing. Nowadays, acupuncture has become commonly used in many Western countries as well. Around 200 B. C. the Yellow Emperor’s textbook of physical medicine called Huang Di Nei Jing described the essential metaphysics of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The ancient Chinese doctors saw man as an integral part of nature and all things both in Yin and Yang around him were related to him, and things in Yin and Yang should be in balance. The original meaning of Yin is the shady side of the hill, and Yang is the sunny side of the hill. The opposites complement each other in a dynamic process. Thus, Yin and Yang cannot exist without the other, and the two forces always combine to make up the whole. This polar system of Yin and Yang has an important role in medicine and in the description of life processes in the human body and of their pathologic disturbances. † (Gabriel Stux, Brian Berman and Bruce Plmeranz, 2003, p88) Qi is the vital energy or life force, and it is omnipresent in nature and is apparent in all life in the form of change and movement. The action and movement of Qi expresses in every life process and every organic function. â€Å"In the body, Qi accumulates in the organs and flows in channels or meridians that are called Jing and Luo in Chinese. (Gabriel Stux, Brian Berman and Bruce Plmeranz, 2003, p. 88) The general theory of acupuncture is based on the premise that there are Qi. The fluent flow of Qi throughout the body is essential for optimal health. Blockag e of this energy is thought to cause disease. The aim of the treatment in Chinese acupuncture is to harmonize the flow of Qi by dissolving blockages and stagnation in the organs and channels. If the Qi of an organ is weakened, the function of this organ will be incomplete or faulty, but if Qi of an organ is present in xcess, the function of this organ will be excessive. Acupuncture can balance the conditions of excess or deficiency in the organs, and thus achieve an undisturbed function. The system of â€Å"five element†, like yin-yang balancing, is a philosophy concept and is a way of recognizing and analyzing things. The five elements are wood, fire, earth, metal and water. This system is used to explain the reasons of interaction relationship between all things in the nature through the interlinked relationship between the five elements.These basic elements are intimately interlinked. Each element is controlled by another, while itself simultaneously controlling a third ph ase. According to Chinese medicine, Qi flows through meridians, and there are11 organs interact intimately with the channels. The 11 organs are described as functional systems and subdivided into six Yang organs and five Yin organs. Large intestine, small intestine, stomach, urinary bladder, gallbladder and â€Å"Sanjiao† are the six Yang organs, and lung, heart, spleen, kidney and liver are the five Yin organs. Pericardium (a double-walled sac that contains the  heart  and the roots of the great vessels) is not considered as a Yin organ, but as part of the heart, having a channel. † (Gabriel Stux, Brian Berman and Bruce Plmeranz, 2003, p122) The 12 main channels form a system of three courses of channels at the body surface. Each course of channel consists of two pair Yin-Yang channels. One pair runs in parallel along the arm, and the other along the leg. This three courses flow in similar form. One Yin and one Yang organ form a functional unit, which involves a pa rticular tissue and the corresponding channels.Acupuncture points are located on those channels. By the application of needles, heat, or massage on acupuncture points, acupuncturists can make some damaged organs function better. A pair of channels consists of a Yin and a Yang channel. â€Å"Yang channels run laterally or on the dorsal side of the body, while Yin channels run medially or on the ventral side. † (Gabriel Stux, Brian Berman and Bruce Plmeranz, 2003, p125) There are 12 main channels, like the months of the Chinese zodiac, each representing a major organ system of the body. In addition, there are two extraordinary channels named Ren Mai and Du Mai.Ren Mai is the conceptional vessel, which counts as a Yin channel, while Du Mai is the governing vessel, which counts as a Yang channel. These two extraordinary channels and the 12 main channels together make up the system of 14 channels on which the 361 classic acupuncture points are situated. The 12 main channels form a system of three courses or cycles of channels at the body surface. Each course of channel consists four main channels, two Yin and two Yang channels. â€Å"One Yin-Yang pair runs in parallel course along the arm, and the other along the leg.An internal branch of the channel derives from the main channel running to the corresponding Yin or Yang organ. † (Gabriel Stux, Brian Berman and Bruce Plmeranz, 2003, p125) The first course is located on the ventral side of the body. It is made up of the lung, large intestine, stomach, and spleen channels. The lung channel starts at the chest wall and runs along the volar side of the arm to the corner of the thumbnail, and it belongs to the Yin polarity. The large intestine channel starts from the index finger and runs on the dorsal side of the arm to the face, and it belongs to the Yang polarity.The stomach channel starts from the face and runs ventrally down the body to the second toe, and it belongs to the Yang polarity. The spleen ch annel runs from the foot along the inside of the leg back to the chest wall, and thus it belongs to the Yin polarity. The second course is located on the dorsal side of the body. It is made up of the heart, small intestine, urinary bladder and kidney channels. The third course is located on the lateral side of the body. It is made up of the pericardium, Sanjiao, gallbladder and liver channels. These courses flow similar to the first course.A Yin or Yang channel axis is made up of two adjacent Yang channels or two adjacent Yin channels in the same course of channels. The Yang channel axes pass downwards from the arm to the leg through the head and body. The Yin channel axes pass upwards from the feet to arms through the body. The channel axes are important for diagnosis as well as for treatment. Acupuncture are very useful in treating some disorders, such as respiratory disorders, mental disturbances and illness, neurological disorders, skin disorders and disorders of the sense organ s, etc.. Many respiratory disorders are successfully treated by acupuncture.Especially in chronic conditions, such as chronic sinusitis, bronchitis, or bronchial asthma, acupuncture is more effective than other forms of treatment. External climatic influences such as cold, wind, dryness, and occasionally heat are sometimes the causes of a weakened lung Qi. Thus, acupuncture can dissolving the blockage and can strengthen the Qi. Acupuncture treatment is very effective in a large number of psychosomatic disorders, such as agitation or exhaustion conditions, insomnia, depression, sexual disturbances, drug addictions, obesity, and headache. Acupuncture has a harmonizing, sedative, or tonifying effect. Many points of the Du Mail, heart, pericardium, and gallbladder channels have strong psychological effects. † (Gabriel Stux, Brian Berman and Bruce Plmeranz, 2003, p287) Also, organs that are affected in mental disturbances can be treated by stimulation of the points of the correspon ding channels. Acupuncture also shows a good effect in migraine, chronic headache and trigeminal neuralgia. According to traditional ideas, chronic headache and migraine are attributed to a blockage of Qi in the Yang channels of the head.The pain in chronic headache is mostly caused by an internal disturbance of organs. The location of pain is very important in planning for an individual acupuncture treatment. However, trigeminal neuralgia is attributed to a blockage of Qi caused by wind, cold, or heat, together with pronounced internal disturbances of the liver or stomach. â€Å"In the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia, a large number of points in the face are needled on the contra-lateral side; they should be manually stimulated over and over again, for dispersing stimulation. (Gabriel Stux, Brian Berman and Bruce Plmeranz, 2003, p296) Acupuncture treatment is also effective in many skin disorders, such as neurodermatitis, acne, herpes zoster, psoriasis, and eczema. According to traditional ideas, the skin is related to the lung and the large intestine, and skin disorders are therefore treated with points on the channels relating to the lung and the large intestine. What worth mentioning is that points surrounding the disordered skin area should not be needled especially ulcerated regions.Acupuncture treatment is highly effective in disorders of the sense organs, deafness, tinnitus, vertigo, conjunctivitis and visual deficiency. According to traditional concepts, the ear is related to the functional system of the kidney and urinary bladder, while the eye corresponds to the liver and gallbladder. In addition, the ear is closely connected to the Sanjiao channels, which circles round the ear. Stimulation of the distal points of the Sanjiao is higyly effective in ear disorders. Negative effects of acupuncture were rarely reported, however, they do exist and special attention should be paid to. The most frequent complication of acupuncture treatment is the vasov agal episode. More serious complications reported include rare pneumothoraces, lacerations of viscera, compression of nerve trucks due to local hematomas, sepsis, transverse myelopathy, eschars and scarring, endocarditis, and broken needles. † (Ceniceros, Salvador and Geroge R. Brown, 1998) The first needles were sharp flints, and later metal needles had replaced sharp flints. Different acupuncture needles have different length and diameter. Usually, the length varies from 1. 5 to 15 cm, and the diameter varies from 26 to 36 gauge (0. 2 to 0. 5mm). Disposable needles are usually made of stainless steel with handles wrapped in copper wire. Today, most used needles are filiform steel needles because the steel is flexible and unbreakable. Filiform needles consist of a tip, a body and a handle. In most cases, 0. 3mm thick needles are used in acupuncture. When insert acupuncture needles, acupuncturist should hold them vertically use three fingers, the thumb on one side of the needl e and the index and middle finger on the other side.The needles should be held perpendicular to the three fingers and 1-2cm from the tip of the needles should not be held, especially with long needles, which are more liable to bend. There are two methods of insertion. One is fast method, and the other is low method. Fast method causes less pain, while low method may be painful. The insertion can be perpendicular (90 °), oblique (30 °-60 °), or occasionally tangential (10 °). The depth of insertion and the direction are given with the specific acupuncture point, but they can vary depending on the constitution of the patient.In China in the 1960s, electro-acupuncture (EA) was introduced into clinical practice, especially for treatment of chronic pain and neurological diseases. â€Å"Electro-acupuncture is aimed at stimulate the points electrically by attaching flexible wires (via small alligator clips) to the needles. † (Gabriel Stux, Brian Berman and Bruce Plmeranz, 20 03, p315) Electro-acupuncture uses one pair of needles which are attached flexible wires (via small alligator clips) to stimulate the points electrically, instead of twirling the acupuncture needles by hand.Pulses of electricity with the pulse width from 0. 1 to 1. 0 ms in duration are applied to the needles in order to stimulate nerves. One major advantage of Electro-acupuncture is that it is more convenient than manual therapy, and requires less skills and accurate needle placement. Acupuncture was first introduced to Europe in the 17th century. However, at that time, it was not widely accepted by Europeans. Most Western skeptics claimed that the traditional Chinese theory of acupuncture was merely anecdotal; therefore cannot be reliable.This situation has dramatically changed in the past 20 years. Lots of publications who went to China and saw the use of acupuncture have revealed the reductionism, causal mechanisms for many of the acupuncture effects in many leading Western journ als. It is estimated that over 300,000 physicians of over one million practitioners outside China use acupuncture treatment for chronic pain. About 90% of the physicians that were found in a recent study of German pain clinics used acupuncture. Also, there are over 11,000 physicians were interested in acupuncture in the USA.In Canada, more than 2000 physicians have taken courses given by the Acupuncture Foundation of Canada. In North America, besides physicians, veterinarians, chiropractors, and naturopaths also use acupuncture. In conclusion, acupuncture based on the Tradition Chinese theory of Yin-Yang balancing, five elements theory to dissolve any blockages in the vital energy Qi. Acupuncture treatments are very useful in variable areas of disorders; despite there may few adverse effects. Nowadays, acupuncture is more familiar to Westerns, and it is accepted by growing number of people in the world.

Issues in Corporate Governance

CH AP TER 1 – I S S U ES I N COR POR ATE G OVER N AN CE ADVANCED FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT †¢ †¢ †¢ Investment decisions Financing decisions Dividend decisions Financial objectives Primary objective – maximise shareholder wealth Secondary objectives – meeting ‘other’ predetermined targets Stakeholders †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Shareholders Management and employees Customers Suppliers Lenders Government w w w . s tu d yi n te ra cti ve . o rg 1 CH AP TER 1 – I S S U ES I N COR POR ATE G OVER N AN CE Stakeholders Suppliers Measures Price Payment Security Liquidity Taxable profit Inflation Employment Investment Lenders Government w w w . tu d yi n te ra cti ve . o rg 2 CH AP TER 1 – I S S U ES I N COR POR ATE G OVER N AN CE w w w . s tu d yi n te ra cti ve . o rg 3 CH AP TER 1 – I S S U ES I N COR POR ATE G OVER N AN CE Corporate Governance Are the board effective? Are they making good decisions? Can we obtain assurance that they are? Are the board effective? Combined Code Board of Directors Chair CEO Execs Non-execs w w w . s tu d yi n te ra cti ve . o rg 4 CH AP TER 1 – I S S U ES I N COR POR ATE G OVER N AN CE Are they making good decisions? Higgs Report Cadbury Report Greenbury Code Key guidance Smith Turnbull Can we obtain assurance that they are?Disclosure FSA Listing Rules FSA Disclosure and Transparency rules Combined Code w w w . s tu d yi n te ra cti ve . o rg 5 CH AP TER 1 – I S S U ES I N COR POR ATE G OVER N AN CE More formalised Independent audit committee Quarterly reporting USA Sarbanes Oxley Independent directors PCOAB Critical accounting policies Germany EU company law Two-tier board of directors Board of directors Supervisory board Management board w w w . s tu d yi n te ra cti ve . o rg 6 CH AP TER 1 – I S S U ES I N COR POR ATE G OVER N AN CE Japan â€Å"Consensual management† Policy boards Functional boards Monocratic boards w w . s tu d yi n te ra cti ve . o rg 7 CH AP TER 1 – I S S U ES I N COR POR ATE G OVER N AN CE SUSTAINABILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK †¢ Sustainability – balancing growth with environmental and social concerns â€Å"At BP, we are working hard to restore trust in our ability to operate safely and responsibly wherever we do business. Our approach to sustainability covers issues relating to governance and risk management, safety, the environment, the energy future and our local and global socio-economic impact. We aim to report on these issues in a way that answers key questions raised by our stakeholders. Carbon Trading 1. Governments hand out free tradable rights to emit carbon dioxide to big industrial polluters 2. Companies buy additional pollution credits from projects that claim to emit less greenhouse gas than they would have without the investment Environment Agency 1. Protects air, land and water used by society in England and Wales 2. Offers guidance to busine sses on environmental issues †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Environmental Permitting Flood Pollution and emissions Waste Water Environmental Audits †¢ †¢ †¢ Energy saving Waste reduction Business processes w w w . s tu d yi n te ra cti ve . o rg 8

Blaise Pascal and Albert Camus Free Essay Example, 1500 words

With reference to this perennially self perpetuating condition, Camus states, â€Å"The workman of today works every day in his life at the same tasks, and this fate is no less absurd. But it is tragic only at the rare moments when it becomes conscious. Sisyphus, proletarian of the gods, powerless and rebellious, knows the whole extent of his wretched condition: it is what he thinks of during his descent. The lucidity that was to constitute his torture at the same time crowns his victory. There is no fate that cannot be surmounted by scorn† (Camus 28). The inescapable nature of humankind’s wretched existence is thereby tied to the fact that even though it is impossible to find inherent value and meaning in life, each human being, regardless of societal stature, wealth, or age, seeks to do so. Perhaps the most obvious conclusion that can be drawn from this is that humanity is in a way wretched due to the fact that it is foolish in its goals and intentions; wasting valuable life energy and resources chasing after something that will never be accom plished. We will write a custom essay sample on Blaise Pascal and Albert Camus or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page The essential unit of comparison between Pascal and Camus is not in their agreement of the nature of this wretchedness; but in the fact that they agree that humanity is wretched based upon an inability to know and understand his place or the full knowledge of the universe surrounding him. Is quite obviously, the greatest differential between these two philosophers is the separation of time. Whereas Blaise Pascal was a prominent philosopher of the 18th century, Albert Camus is a more recent 20th century philosopher that died in 1960. The importance of relating the historical context to this particular comparison and contrast between these two individuals is predicated upon the fact that the understanding of thought and the relationship of religion to the way in which these individuals defined the world around them was essentially and entirely different.